The textbook provides an in-depth historical analysis of key economic policy aspects including monetary, fi scal, structural, industrial, investment, foreign trade policies, etc. Every chapter, focused on a specifi c policy area, contains statistics, decision-making patterns, and comprehension questions to test the reader’s understanding of economic regulation mechanisms. This approach helps unpack the mechanics of decision-making processes, identify their objectives, instruments, and fi nal outcomes at each historical stage. The legislation is as of December 25, 2024. This publication is intended for undergraduate and graduate students specializing in contemporary trends in the Russian economy and state regulation of the socio-economic sphere in Russia. Furthermore, the textbook can serve as an essential tool to train economists, civil servants, and managers well-equipped to work under the new geo-economic paradigm.