UDC 316.423.2:165.9 BBK 87.523.21:87.22 B12 Translator Nikolai Maisuryan Editor Elena Naimark, Doctor of Biological Sciences Frans de Waal Are We Smart Enough to Judge Animal Intelligence? / Frans de Waal; Translated from English — 2nd edition. — Moscow: Alpina Non-Fiction, 2023. — 524 pages. — (Alpina Popular Science series). ISBN 978-5-00139-083-1 What communication methods do animals practice and do they have anything like speech? Can animals recognize themselves in a mirror? Are friendship and emotional attachment typical for animals? Do they wage wars and peace negotiations? The book by the famous primatologist Frans de Waal answers these questions in the context of the evolution of cognition — a new scientific field that has developed powerfully in the last decade. The author recounts the history of this science, the fierce debates with behaviorists, and most importantly the extensive experimental work and observations of animals' natural behavior. Analyzing the development of thought processes in the evolutionary history of various species, the scientist convincingly shows that humans in this line are only one of many thinking beings. UDC 316.423.2:165.9 BBK 87.523.21:87.22